阅读理解

Reading comprehension

HSK 5 · 読解 · 第 71–90 問

Questions 71–90: five long passages (300–600 characters), four questions each, four options. This is the most time-consuming part: about 4–5 minutes per passage, 20–22 minutes in total.

問題数 32 問

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コツ

Read the questions first, then read the passage paragraph by paragraph: questions follow the text, often one per paragraph.
For word-meaning questions (第二段中画线词语的意思是…) read the sentence with the word and the ones around it; the contextual meaning is the answer, not the dictionary one.
The last question is often the title or main idea (最适合做上文标题的是…): choose what covers the whole text, not one paragraph.
For familiar idioms (成语) such as 一举两得, 自言自语, 半途而废, guess from the characters, then confirm with the context.
If a passage is too hard, answer its easy detail questions and move on; every question is worth the same.

よくある落とし穴

Reading every word from start to finish before looking at the questions: you run out of time before passage five.
Guessing an idiom from its Sino-Vietnamese sound alone: the figurative meaning can differ completely from the characters.
根据上文，下列哪项正确？ options that swap who did what — compare each detail with the text.

解き方の例

阅读理解· Reading comprehension

阮明是武汉一所大学的越南留学生，学的是经济。这学期，老师给他们留了一个小组作业：四个人一组，调查学校附近的一家超市，最后写一份报告，还要在课上介绍。阮明和三个中国同学分在了一组。第一次见面，大家很快就分好了工：小李负责设计问题，小张负责去超市采访顾客，阮明负责整理数据，小王负责最后在课上介绍。可是两个星期过去了，小王一次讨论也没有参加，发消息也很少回。另外两个人都很生气，小张甚至想直接去告诉老师。阮明却觉得，应该先弄清楚是怎么回事。他给小王打了一个电话，这才知道，小王的妈妈住院了，他每天一下课就去医院照顾妈妈，根本没有时间。小王说，他怕大家觉得他在找借口，所以一直没说。了解情况以后，大家重新分了工：小王的任务换成了可以在医院用电脑完成的部分——把大家写的内容整理成一份完整的报告；在课上介绍的工作，由阮明来做。最后，他们的报告得了全班最高分。老师在评价的时候说：“合作最难的不是分工，而是遇到问题的时候，愿意先听一听别人的情况。”

訳

Nguyen Minh is a Vietnamese student studying economics at a university in Wuhan. This semester the teacher gave them a group assignment: in groups of four, survey a supermarket near the university, then write a report and present it in class. Minh was put in a group with three Chinese classmates. At their first meeting they quickly divided the work: Xiao Li would design the questions, Xiao Zhang would interview shoppers at the supermarket, Minh would sort out the data, and Xiao Wang would give the final presentation in class. But two weeks went by and Xiao Wang hadn't come to a single discussion and rarely answered messages. The other two were angry, and Xiao Zhang even wanted to go straight to the teacher. Minh, however, felt they should first find out what was going on. He phoned Xiao Wang and only then learned that Wang's mother was in hospital; every day after class he went to look after her and had no time at all. Wang said he hadn't told them because he was afraid they'd think he was making excuses. Once they understood, they divided the work again: Wang's task became the part he could do on a computer at the hospital — putting everyone's writing together into one complete report — and Minh took over the class presentation. In the end their report got the highest mark in the class. In his feedback the teacher said: “The hardest part of working together isn't dividing the work; it's being willing, when problems come up, to listen to the other person's situation first.”

第一次分工的时候，阮明负责什么？

解説

Step 1: the question says “第一次分工”, so look at paragraph 2: “第一次见面，大家很快就分好了工”. Step 2: four people, four tasks — match the name to the task: “阮明负责整理数据”. Step 3: “设计问题” was Xiao Li's job, “采访顾客” Xiao Zhang's, and “在课上介绍” originally Xiao Wang's. Trap: in paragraph 4, after the work is redivided, Minh takes over the presentation — but the question asks about the FIRST division. For this kind of question, mark each name and its task as you read.

この問題の単語分工负责整理数据

两个星期以后，小组遇到了什么问题？

解説

Step 1: find the time marker “两个星期过去了” at the start of paragraph 3. Step 2: “小王一次讨论也没有参加，发消息也很少回” — Xiao Wang didn't attend a single discussion. “一次……也没有……” means “not even once”. Step 3: the supermarket refusing and the teacher changing the topic aren't in the text. “阮明和小张吵架了” is wrong: Zhang was angry with Wang, not quarrelling with Minh; Minh just thought differently (“阮明却觉得……”). “却” marks a contrasting view, not an argument.

この問題の単語讨论甚至弄清楚

小王为什么一直没有告诉大家他的情况？

解説

Step 1: the question asks why he never told them — find “一直没说” at the end of paragraph 3. Step 2: the reason comes just before: “他怕大家觉得他在找借口，所以一直没说” — the “……，所以……” pair marks cause and effect; “觉得” is paraphrased as “以为”. Step 3: “他没有大家的电话号码” is wrong: they messaged him and Minh could call him. “作业不重要” and “自己一个人做完” have no support; in fact he took on finishing the report.

この問題の単語借口住院根本

老师的话主要是想说明：

解説

Step 1: the teacher uses “不是……而是……”; the main point follows “而是”. Step 2: “而是遇到问题的时候，愿意先听一听别人的情况” — when problems arise, first find out the other person's situation, exactly what Minh did. Step 3: “分工是合作中最难的事” is what “不是” rejects — the classic trap with this pattern. “任务都应该一样” contradicts how the group re-divided the work to fit Wang's situation. “遇到问题要马上去告诉老师” was Xiao Zhang's idea, and the story shows it wasn't the best move.

この問題の単語合作评价情况

阅读理解· Reading comprehension

同奈有一家中国人开的家具工厂。去年，工厂新开了一条生产线，专门做出口到欧洲的木头椅子。技术员李师傅从中国带来了一本很厚的说明书，又请翻译把它一句一句地翻成了越南语。可是，新生产线开了一个月，出错的产品一直很多，差不多每二十把椅子里就有一把要重新做。李师傅很着急，觉得工人们不够认真。翻译阿芳却不这么看。她发现，说明书虽然翻成了越南语，但句子又长又难懂，还有很多专业词语。很多工人看了几行就放下了，干活的时候还是靠自己猜。阿芳想了一个办法。她和李师傅一起，把每一个步骤都拍成照片，做成一张张卡片：上面是照片，下面只写一两句很短的话，越南语和汉语都有，重要的地方用红色标出来。卡片就挂在每个工人面前，一抬头就能看到。一个月以后，出错的产品减少到了原来的五分之一。李师傅说：“以前我总以为问题出在工人身上，其实是我们的说明没写好。说明书不是写给自己看的，而是写给用的人看的。”

訳

In Dong Nai there is a furniture factory run by Chinese owners. Last year it opened a new production line making wooden chairs for export to Europe. The technician, Master Li, brought a thick manual from China and had a translator render it into Vietnamese sentence by sentence. But after a month the new line was still producing a lot of faulty products — about one chair in every twenty had to be redone. Master Li was worried and thought the workers weren't careful enough. The translator, A Phuong, saw it differently. She found that although the manual was in Vietnamese, its sentences were long and hard to understand and full of technical terms. Many workers put it down after a few lines and still relied on guesswork while working. A Phuong came up with an idea. Together with Master Li she photographed every step and made cards: a photo on top and, below it, just one or two very short sentences in both Vietnamese and Chinese, with the important points marked in red. A card hung in front of each worker, visible at a glance. A month later the number of faulty products had fallen to a fifth of what it was. Master Li said: “I used to think the problem was the workers, but actually our instructions were badly written. A manual isn't written for yourself — it's written for the people who use it.”

新生产线开了一个月以后，出现了什么问题？

解説

Step 1: find “新生产线开了一个月” at the start of paragraph 2. Step 2: right after it: “出错的产品一直很多，差不多每二十把椅子里就有一把要重新做” — many faulty products. Step 3: the number of workers, machines stopping and the price of wood are never mentioned. “木头” does appear (“木头椅子”) but nothing is said about its price — don't choose an option just because a word looks familiar. “每二十把椅子里就有一把” is also a typical HSK 5 way of expressing a ratio.

この問題の単語生产线产品重新

阿芳认为，工人出错的主要原因是：

解説

Step 1: the question asks for A Phuong's view, not Master Li's — keep the two apart. Step 2: “阿芳却不这么看”; she found “句子又长又难懂……很多工人看了几行就放下了” — the manual was hard to understand, so workers guessed. Step 3: “工作不够认真” is Master Li's opinion (“觉得工人们不够认真”), and “却” shows A Phuong disagreed — that's the main trap. “没有人教” and “工作的时间太长” aren't in the text. Tip: when two people hold different views, check whose view the question asks for.

この問題の単語难懂靠猜

阿芳和李师傅做的卡片有什么特点？

解説

Step 1: read paragraph 3, which describes the cards. Step 2: “上面是照片，下面只写一两句很短的话” — a photo and very little text. Step 3: “只用汉语” is wrong: the cards are “越南语和汉语都有”. Memorising them isn't mentioned — they hang in front of the workers to be looked at. “挂在工厂的门口” is wrong: they hang “在每个工人面前”. Each wrong option changes one small detail of the text — a very common HSK 5 reading trap.

この問題の単語步骤卡片照片

李师傅最后的话主要想说明：

解説

Step 1: this asks for the main point of the closing words; in “不是……而是……” the point follows “而是”. Step 2: “说明书不是写给自己看的，而是写给用的人看的” — instructions must be easy for their users. The sentence before, “其实是我们的说明没写好”, shows Li admitting the fault was theirs. Step 3: “翻译的工作其实并不重要” contradicts the text — the translator found the solution. “工人应该先花时间学好汉语” blames the workers, the opposite of what Li has realised. “用照片说明比用文字更好看” just picks up the photo detail and isn't the main idea.

この問題の単語以为其实说明书

問題数 32 問

練習を始める

HSK 5 のその他の形式

听简短对话，选择正确答案听较长对话或短文，选择正确答案选词（句）填空选出与短文内容一致的一项阅读理解完成句子